R-32 Fuss in Pakistan

The development of difluoromethane (R-32) is one of the advances that has a substantially minor effect on the environment while being power-efficient and pocket friendly as compared to R-22 and R-410A. R-32 has a slight disadvantage of mild flammability which has led to few reported incidents of burning of indoor units, outdoor units and even the entire split system, resulting in the loss of numerous lives and damage to properties in Pakistan.
The growing awareness of climate change and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions have led to a global shift away from older refrigerants like R22 and R410A, which have higher Global Warming Potential (GWP). Countries are adopting stricter regulations to phase out these harmful substances, and the air conditioning industry is responding by exploring alternatives.
R32 (difluoromethane) is a next-generation refrigerant that offers several advantages over traditional options like R22 and R410A:
R32 has a GWP of 675, which is significantly lower than R410A (GWP of 2,088). This means that using R32 helps reduce the overall greenhouse gas emissions associated with air conditioning, contributing to global efforts to combat climate change.
R32 is more energy-efficient compared to R410A, meaning that air conditioning systems using R32 can achieve the same level of cooling while consuming less electricity. This translates into lower energy bills for consumers and reduced demand on the power grid, which is particularly important in countries like Pakistan where energy shortages are common.
R-32 is a mildly flammable gas (ISO 817:2014) being non-explosive and very difficult to ignite even when applied to direct flame. Being mildly flammable, it is classified as an A2L refrigerant, indicating low toxicity and low flammability.
R32 is easier to produce and requires less refrigerant charge in cooling systems, making it a cost-effective choice for manufacturers and consumers. Its higher efficiency also means that systems designed for R32 are generally more compact, reducing material costs and after-sales service costs.
Now the question is why the modern world and renowned brands like Daikin, LG, and Haier have shifted and successfully installed a lot of systems with zero accidents all over the world but Pakistan has reported numerous burning incidents. What should we do to accept R-32 as a refrigerant with complete elimination of any potential risk? Here are some steps that can be taken to ensure safety in Pakistan while maximizing the benefits of R32:
Understanding the root cause of the issue. Social media news is not reliable. Leading air conditioning companies should have R&D on the actual root cause and come up with a reliable solution that can openly be discussed on R&D forums in Pakistan.
Consumers should be educated about the benefits and associated risks of R32. Understanding how to operate and maintain air conditioning systems using R32 can help prevent accidents and ensure optimal performance.
Proper installation by certified professionals in R-32 units is crucial. Technicians should be trained in handling R32 to minimize the risk of leaks and ensure that the system operates safely and efficiently.
Governments and regulatory bodies should enforce strict standards for the use and handling of R32 refrigerants.
Use of R-32 in existing R-410A units should be strictly prohibited.
Leakage maintenance guidelines should be published in Urdu, which needs to be printed on equipment as well as circulated on media on regular basis.
Leakage detection sensors should be installed in units and preventive maintenance measures should be made necessary.
Robust construction of split systems along with its piping is the need of the hour. One of the serious issues is material cost for manufacturing which is reduced with the use of low cost/ thin copper pipes which should be standardized in manufacturing and the use of inferior materials in the manufacturing of R-32 units should be a punishable offense by law.
The amount of R-32 needed to be charged in a specific system should be clearly mentioned and followed at all times.
Brazing/welding shall not be done in any case during leakage at home and units shall completely be dismantled/vacuumed before doing any brazing/welding process and shall be done at the workshop only.
In Pakistan, as in many other countries, adopting R32 is not just a matter of choice but a necessity for aligning with global sustainability goals. The incidents of R-32 split units in Pakistan underscore the urgent need for safer and more sustainable refrigerants. R32 offers a promising solution, combining lower environmental impact with enhanced safety and efficiency. However, its adoption must be accompanied by responsible practices, including proper installation, maintenance, and adherence to regulatory standards. As we look to the future, continued R&D in refrigerants like R32 will be critical in driving the refrigeration industry towards a greener, more sustainable path. (The author is Chief Engineer NESPAK) n