Tag Archives: CPEC

PEC’s Make in Pakistan Policy Proposes 15-year Localization Plan

on 29/02/2024

Aimed at controlling trade deficit through self-reliance and creating local industrial initiatives, the Pakistan Engineering Council (PEC) has proposed a policy titled ‘Make in Pakistan’ that the authors believe would improve the country’s GDP growth, build the capacity of engineering professionals, and encourage investments.
The draft of the policy which is in circulation among engineering circles does not bear any names of the authors or the PEC committee that has undertaken this effort. Also, no major groups of the engineering fraternity knew about making such a policy. To the surprise of many, either no member of the management committee or scantly few had a hint.
The draft talks about the traditional woes of the country’s economy entangled in a vicious circle that takes off from the increased dependency on import-based consumption leading to an extensive burden on Foreign Exchange reserves to dependence on global lenders and the consequences for the country and its people.
The policy proposes to revisit the existing situation in the manufacturing sector of Pakistan by Promoting a culture of Localization as a workable instrument in the form of Import substitution. For that matter, we need to create a healthy “Industrial Culture for Localization of Equipment / Products.” To support this cause; Policy Framework for “MIP” is proposed as a viable, sustainable solution for economic reforms and a first step towards indigenization.
To get rid of the adverse impact on economic growth, the policy has proposed a under that maximizes localization of Production of Engineering Goods (EGs) through indigenous resources, and import substitution to cater to the domestic consumer & industry demands. taking solid steps through various measures to ensure “Technology Transfer and build Technology Acquisition Houses are ensured.
This plan also includes collaboration with advanced/ developed countries in a phased yet systematic manner. The policy also focuses on enhancing exports of Medium to Hi-tech products resulting in earning precious foreign exchange and job creation for youth, especially for Technicians, IT Professionals, Computer Scientists, Technologists, and Engineers.
The document identifies areas such as Automobiles and Components, Mining, Gemstones & Exploration, Agri-tech and Food Processing, Construction and Machinery, Energy Sector with a focus on Renewable Energy, Oil and Gas, IT and Software, Defense Manufacturing, Roads and Highways, Sports Industry, Leather Products, Medical and Healthcare Equipment, Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical, Electrical Equipment and Machinery, Media, Entertainment, Ports and Shipping Equipment, Textiles and Finished Derivative, Electronic Components, Systems and PCB Manufacturing, Chemicals, Railway Industry, Domestic Appliances, Telecommunication Equipment, Artificial Intelligence, Product and Process Designing, Cutlery & Sanitary, Waste Management & Recycling.
The policy says the PEC will act as a statutory body for structuring the MIP policy framework, implementation, and periodic review.
In addition, the PEC proposes legal reforms and incentives to promote the manufacturing sector, such as offering tax breaks/rebates, simplifying regulatory processes, and easing foreign investment restrictions through the Act of Parliament for continuity and sustainability of MIP Policy for the entire 15 years.
PEC has been proposed to lead all regulatory bodies dealing with product certification standards, quality assurance, and implementation of good engineering practices (PNAC, EDB, DRAP, PSQCA CBTL, etc.) needs to be established to certify National R&D, perform conformity assessment, and issue product, process and services certification including software under PEC in collaboration with all stakeholders.
The Industrial Development Bank of Pakistan (IDBL) which was established in 2018 should be made effectively functional with the allocation of funds for financing the engineering industry to process development and automation, establishment of local test facilities, supervisory control, technology transfer and transition. Funding may be provided after thorough scrutiny on an ROI basis.
The promotion/posting and financial benefits of the Trade attachés of Pakistan embassies should be linked with the export performance to the country of their posting.
The policy paper has also talked about Improving the Business Environment for which it has suggested bolstering the manufacturing sector.
It says the government needs to address some critical concerns such as 1) Improving the ease of doing business, 2) Simplifying regulatory and bureaucratic procedures, 3) Removing unnecessary barriers to facilitate manufacturing and trade through Investor facilitation cells, provision of supporting platform for new start-ups and Coopting of regulatory measures for encouraging indigenization of products and technology. This initiative will create a conducive environment for local investors to establish their businesses in the country and attract Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) in the manufacturing sector.
On Industry-Academia Collaboration, it talks about involving all the stakeholders by collaboration of industry and academia and providing a platform as a pool of experts, retired professors, and professionals for bridging the industry–academia gap by: 1) Development of technology diffusion & transfer cells, 2) Involving experts from industry and academia, 3) Demand-driven projects/ research papers by students and faculty, 4) Establishment of a pool of experts to support the industry on the format of JICA, CBI, etc, 5) Capacity building of lead auditors and consultants for all relevant international certifications, 6) The engineering companies/ entities, including design, manufacturing, consultancy, and execution to be regulated by PEC, 7) regulating of engineers, professionals, and faculty members to carry out research projects relevant to the need of the industry to the extent of commercialization., 8) promoting and providing financial benefits of the faculty engaged with successful completion of industrial project be considered 04 times the 01 research paper. – Karachi: ER Report

AIIB approves US$250 m loan after WB’s US$350m to help Pakistan

on 03/01/2024

The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank’s (AIIB) Board of Directors have approved a loan of $250 million to help Pakistan strengthen its response to the social and economic fallout from the Covid-19 pandemic, said the financial institution in a press release at the end of year 2023.
The AIIB said that the loan is co-financed by the World Bank, adding that this development policy financing will help bolster the government’s Resilient Institutions for Sustainable Economy Program.
The RISE Program is a part of a set of measures Pakistan has undertaken towards recovery from the impact of the pandemic. The program aims to stimulate investment in human capital, expand social safety nets, improve the emergency health infrastructure and foster economic growth.
The investment bank stated that the latest loan brings AIIB total support to Pakistan’s Covid-19 response to $750 million.
The statement mentioned that the health crisis is expected to have far-ranging and long-term repercussions on growth, which may undermine the hard-fought progress the country has made in restoring macroeconomic stability.
The AIIB said that pandemic has taken a toll on employment in the formal and informal sectors, with the poor, women and other vulnerable groups disproportionately affected.
“The pandemic has rapidly evolved in Pakistan and now threatens to undo many of the hard-won gains made in reducing poverty over the past two decades,’ said AIIB Vice President, Investment Operations, Konstantin Limitovskiy.
“Our immediate support is critical and will contribute to the government’s efforts to mitigate pandemic-related shocks, so that the country may continue on its path to sustainable development,” he said.
The AIIB said it does not have a regular instrument for policy-based financing, the Bank is extending such financing on an exceptional basis under its Covid-19 Crisis Recovery Facility to support its members through projects co-financed with the World Bank or the Asian Development Bank.
It merits mentioning that The World Bank had announced in December 2023 that its board of directors had approved the long-awaited $350 million loan ‘2nd Resilient Institutions for Sustainable Economy (RISE-II) Operation’ to Pakistan to support key macroeconomic reforms in energy, taxation and business environment.
As per the announcement of the bank, the financing was aimed to strengthen fiscal management and promote competitiveness for sustained and inclusive economic growth
The operation contributes to better fiscal management by improving fiscal policy coordination, enhancing debt transparency and management, strengthening the taxation of property, and improving the financial viability of the power sector, the bank had said, adding that the financing seeks to foster growth and competitiveness by reducing the cost of tax compliance, improving financial sector transparency, encouraging the use of digital payments, and promoting exports by lowering import tariffs.
The bank believed that Pakistan needed urgent fiscal and structural reforms to restore macroeconomic balance and lay the foundations for sustainable growth.
“RISE-II completes the first phase of tax, energy and business climate reforms geared to raising additional revenues, improve the targeting of expenditures and stimulate competition and investment.”
World Bank’s team leader for the operation Derek H. C. Chen said that based on the foundations laid through RISE II and parallel support by other international financial institutions, Pakistan had the opportunity to tackle long-standing structural distortions in its economy after the upcoming general elections. “Failing to use this opportunity would risk plunging the country back into stop-and-go economic cycle,” he said.
Importantly, the combined $600m program would help Pakistan shore up foreign exchange reserves while taking measures to enhance the policy and institutional framework for improved fiscal management and regulatory conditions that support growth and competitiveness.

Variants of Electrospray Ionization

on 20/11/2023

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry or, less frequently, electrospray mass spectrometry are the two names for ESI-based mass spectrometry.
ESI is referred to as a “soft ionization” approach because there is hardly any fragmentation. Although the molecular ion (or more precisely, a pseudo molecular ion) is almost always detected, this can be helpful because very little structural information can be gleaned from the straightforward mass spectrum. Electrospray is used to disperse the liquid containing the target analytes into a fine aerosol. The usual solvents for electrospray ionization are made by combining water with volatile organic molecules since the ion production requires considerable solvent evaporation (e.g. methanol acetonitrile). Compounds that improve conductivity, such as acetic acid, are typically added to the solution to reduce the initial droplet size. Additionally, these species serve as a source of protons to speed up the ionization process. In addition to the high temperature of the ESI source, large-flow electrosprays can benefit from the nebulization of a heated inert gas like nitrogen or carbon dioxide.
The ions detected by mass spectrometry may be quasimolecular ions, which are denoted [M + H]+ when a hydrogen cation is added, [M + Na]+ when a sodium ion is added, or [M H] when a hydrogen nucleus is removed. Multiple-charged ions, such [M + nH]n+, are frequently seen. Numerous charge states can exist in massive macromolecules, creating a distinctive charge state envelope.
Because of the significantly smaller initial droplets created by the electrosprays when they are operated at low flow rates, ionization efficiency is increased. Significant sensitivity gains could be achieved with lower flow rates, as low as 200 nL/min, according to a 1993 study by Gale and Richard D. Smith. Two research teams came up with the term micro-electrospray (microspray) in 1994 to describe electrosprays that operate at low flow rates. Emmett and Caprioli showed that operating the electrospray at 300–800 nL/min resulted in increased performance for HPLC–MS analyses. Wilm and Mann showed that an electrospray at the tip of emitters made by drawing glass capillaries to a few micrometres may be sustained at a capillary flow of less than 25 nL/min.
In a two-step procedure called laser-based electrospray-based ambient ionization, material from a sample is desorbed or ablated using a pulsed laser, and then a plume of that material interacts with an electrospray to produce ions. The sample substance is deposited on a target close to the electrospray for ambient ionization. Material from the sample is ejected from the surface and into the electrospray, which creates highly charged ions, when the laser desorbs or ablates it. These include laser ablation electrospray ionization, matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization, and electrospray laser desorption ionization. The study of noncovalent gas phase interactions also makes use of electrospray ionization. It is believed that noncovalent compounds from the liquid phase can be transferred into the gas phase using the electrospray method without affecting the non-covalent interaction. When analyzing ligand substrate complexes by ESI-MS or nanoESI-MS, issues such non-specific interactions have been found. Investigating the relationships between enzymes and medications that function as their inhibitors is a fascinating example of this. ESI has been employed in competition experiments between STAT6 and inhibitors to screen for potential novel medication candidates. Smaller droplets are produced and only a few microliters of a sample are consumed during nano-electrospray ionization. The reduced electrospray droplet size made it possible to perform successful desolvation and ion production at low flow rates, which was a specific advantage of operating at low pressure.

‘Global Leader Panel Discussion: Charting STEM Career’ at MUET Jamshoro 70 pc females in STEM not contributing due to different reasons Striking balance between professional work and the family; extremely difficult to give 100 percent either side.

on 20/11/2023

A group of highly regarded women engineers working with leading engineering universities and organizations around the world came to a consensus during a panel discussion at Mehran University of Engineering & Technology, Jamshoro that it is almost impossible to strike a balance between professional work and the family and thus it turns extremely difficult to give 100 percent either side.
They talked about launching proper training for women so that they took active participation in working committees, created resilience and assertiveness, and have potential work-from-home opportunities to balance family needs and thus reduce stress.
Titled as ‘Global Leader Panel Discussion: Charting STEM Career’ was part of the International Women Engineers Conference, organized by the Women Engineers Development Committee (WEDC) of the Pakistan Engineering Council (PEC) held at Mehran University of Engineering and Technology Jamshoro.
The panelists included Dr. Mamiko Reeves, International Programs Strategist, Northwood University, Midland, Michigan, United States, Dr. Alex Lockwood, Strategic Content Integrator for NASA’s Science Mission Directorate, Dr. Alberta Adjebeng Biritwum-Nyarko, Director, Policy Planning Monitoring & Evaluation, Division, Ghana Health Service Headquarters, Shelley J. Bausch, Senior Vice President, Global Industrial Coatings and Prof. Dr. Khadija Qureshi, Convener, Women Engineer Development Committee, PEC, Chairperson, Department of Chemical, Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering & Technology Jamshoro. Dr. Mamiko Reeves moderated the session.
They were of the view that engineering plays an important role in solving global challenges, and driving innovations for its continuous success a diversified pool is needed. Women Engineer Development Committee (WEDC) of the Pakistan Engineering Council contributes to a diverse and innovative engineering workforce.
The panel discussion started with the sharing of the journeys of the panelists and how they could manage to reach these leadership positions. They emphasized the challenges of balancing work and family, discussing their commitment to caring for both their families and professional roles. Early experiences in taking care of younger siblings were highlighted as formative. The panelists addressed the importance of promoting healthy relationships within working teams, effective interactions with women in various positions, and the development of a nurturing culture to support one another in organizations. While talking about balancing work and family, the panelists said that it is quite difficult rather impossible to give 100 percent to both.
Panelists were asked about the values they would like to impart through their work, and they underscored commitment, teamwork, creating a friendly workplace culture, integrity, adaptability, honesty, effective coordination, respect for coworkers, and encouragement of those striving for the organization’s success. They also emphasized the idea that a leader’s success lies in building other leaders.
As per the recent survey, 30 percent of women in STEM are employed whereas 20 percent are unemployed and 50 percent are not working or taking part in any activity due to various reasons. Collectively, 70% of females in STEM are not contributing due to different reasons. There is a high need for improvement and working for the empowerment of these ladies so effective output should be obtained for the women in STEM.
The panelists recommended mentoring as crucial for women’s career development and higher education, the importance of doing good and being good, self-assessment for daily progress, and the significance of both formal and informal mentoring. They stated that mentoring is very important and it gives important life lessons also.
Regarding opportunities to change things for women in work organizations, the panelists supported proper training for women, active participation in working committees, resilience and assertiveness, potential work-from-home opportunities to balance family needs and reduce stress, and the encouragement of the younger generation to gain skills, seek opportunities, and inspire leaders to recognize their potential.
It’s high time academicians, government and industry can work together to develop strategies to help demystify engineering making it more accessible to women and young people and empowering them to realize their potential in the field of engineering.n

MEMORIAL TRIBUTE In Memoriam: Prof. Dr. Haroon Jangda March 20, 1942 – November 08, 2023

on 20/11/2023

It is with heavy hearts that we bid farewell to a towering figure of knowledge, an inspiring educator, and a cherished member of our community, Prof.
Dr. Haroon Jangda, who peacefully departed on November 08, 2023.
Born on March 20, 1942, Dr. Haroon Jangda’s life was a testament to an insatiable thirst for wisdom. His academic journey culminated in a Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering from Sheffield University in the United Kingdom, a profound reflection of his unwavering passion and dedication to his field. Originating from Bantwa, a serene town in Kathiawar within the former district of Gujarat, India, his life bore the imprints of diverse experiences and deep roots.
In his formative years, Dr. Jangda’s life was shaped by humble beginnings. Growing up with a sister and a brother, education held a special place in their hearts. Dr. Jangda’s educational odyssey began at Madrassa-e-Islamia School in Karachi for matriculation, progressing to D.J. Government Science College for intermediate studies. The late 1950s witnessed his academic zenith with a BSc (Hons) from Karachi University. Awarded the Dawood Foundation Merit Scholarship for overseas studies, he embarked on a transformative academic journey in England, attaining both his Master’s and Ph.D. degrees in Chemical Engineering from Sheffield University
In 1964, a profound and enduring connection was established when Dr. Jangda lent his expertise to a project at Dawood Jute Mills in East Pakistan. This marked the inception of an extraordinary partnership with the Dawood family, who held him in high esteem. Later, in 1970, he became an indispensable figure at Dawood College, assuming the position of the head of the Chemical Engineering department in 1972. He held this role until 1998, when he stepped down due to health challenges. Despite this change, he remained dedicated to the institution, continuing his association as a professor until his final moments.
In the 1990s, he was given the opportunity to serve as the principal of the college, a gesture he graciously declined. His rationale was rooted in the belief that undertaking such a responsibility would potentially compromise his professional role as a Chemical Engineer, where he served in an advisory capacity for the industry.
Prof. Dr. Haroon Jangda’s life and accomplishments stand as a testament to an extraordinary journey. His impact transcended the academic realm, leaving an indelible mark on the communities he touched. His legacy embodies knowledge, commitment, and an enduring connection with the Dawood family—a legacy that will resonate through the ages.
The Department of Chemical Engineering at Dawood College boasts a rich history, being one of the pioneering institutions to introduce the Bachelor of Engineering program in Chemical Engineering in 1964. Dr. Haroon’s extensive industry network played a pivotal role in benefiting students over the years. His ability to coordinate expert assistance for final-year student projects, arrange industrial internships, guide graduates into industry roles, and help fresh graduates secure employment set him apart. His unparalleled connection with industry professionals earned him the reputation of a father figure in the Karachi chemical industry.
He assumed the role of mentor for nearly every faculty member within the University. His unwavering alignment with the University’s objectives made him a reliable source of support for the Chief Executive whenever required. His distinguished and amiable personality was widely acknowledged.
As an educator, Dr. Jangda’s influence knew no bounds. His teaching style seamlessly combined wisdom and warmth, leaving an enduring mark on his students. His dedication to excellence and his eagerness to provide guidance and mentorship endeared him to all as a beloved teacher and mentor.
Beyond his scholarly pursuits, Dr. Haroon Jangda was renowned for his kindness, benevolence, and genuine desire to assist others. His influence extended beyond the classroom, touching the lives of numerous individuals fortunate enough to know him.
Dr. Jangda is survived by his family, who will eternally cherish his memory as a beloved family member and a respected scholar.
Prof. Dr. Haroon Jangda’s legacy in the realm of Chemical Engineering, and his profound impact on the lives of those he taught and mentored for more than five decades at Dawood University, will continue to inspire and influence generations to come.
In his revered memory, we reflect on the words of the great educator, “Because chemical engineering is concerned with large-scale plants, it is important that chemical engineering candidates have an appreciation of the scale and complexity of modern plants before they graduate.”
As we bid adieu to an extraordinary educator, mentor, and scholar, we pay homage to Prof. Dr. Haroon Jangda’s legacy, extending our deepest condolences to his family and all who admired and respected him. His absence is deeply felt, but his memory will forever be cherished.